National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, NIH, Pub. Diabetes and its complications are primary or secondary factors in an estimated 9 percent of hospitalizations (Aubert, RE, et al., Diabetes-related hospitalizations and hospital utilization. Numerous epidemiologic and interventional studies point to the necessity of maintaining good glycemic control to reduce the risk of the complications of diabetes.ĭespite this knowledge, diabetes remains the leading cause of blindness, lower extremity amputations, and kidney disease requiring dialysis. The goals in the management of diabetes are to achieve normal metabolic control and reduce the risk of micro and macro-vascular complications.
There are two major types of diabetes that affect the Medicare population, Type 1 diabetes, previously called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and Type 2 diabetes, previously called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Since the body cannot convert glucose into energy, high levels of glucose remain in the blood and spill into the urine, eventually resulting in micro-vascular complications (for example, kidney disease and eye disease) and macro-vascular complications (for example, stroke and ischemic heart disease).
As a result, the body is unable to metabolize macronutrients in food in the normal way. It occurs because the insulin produced by the beta cells of the pancreas is either absent, insufficient, or not used properly by target tissues. Information And Statistics About Diabetesĭiabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolism presenting as a complex group of syndromes that have in common elevated blood glucose levels.
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